Production & Operation Management: Module 2 (Time & Motion Study)
"These comprehensive notes on Time and Motion Study, Work Measurement, and Productivity are curated by Pratibha Bhagat for BBA students."
What is Work Study?
Work Study is simply the study of work and the analysis of work into smaller parts followed by rearrangement. These parts aim to give more effectiveness at the least cost.
Purpose: To eliminate inefficiency and increase productivity. It examines both the method and duration of work involved in a process.
Work Study is divided into two main branches:
- Method Study: To find the best way of doing a job.
- Work Measurement (Time Study): To determine how long a job should take.
Method Study (Operation Research)
Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing a job in order to increase effectiveness and reduce cost.
Procedure of Method Study:
Recording Techniques
Process charts are used to indicate the sequence of processes or operations using standard symbols.
| Symbol | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ○ | Operation | Creation or addition of something. |
| □ | Inspection | Checking for quality or quantity. |
| D | Delay | Waiting for next action. |
| ▽ | Storage | Keeping at a specific place. |
| ⇨ | Transportation | Movement from one place to another. |
Therbligs (Fundamental Movements)
Derived by Gilbreth, Therbligs are 17 fundamental hand and eye movements that represent the smallest unit of work. They are used to identify unwanted motion for elimination.
Time Study & Work Measurement
Time study establishes the time required for a qualified worker to complete a specific job. The most important calculation is finding the Standard Time.
Numerical Example:
Q. An operator rated at 125% took 10 min to complete a job. Total 10% allowance is required. Calculate Standard Time.
Observed Time = 10 min
Rating = 125% = 1.25
Normal Time (NT) = 10 × 1.25 = 12.5 min
Allowance = 10% of Normal Time = 1.25 min
Standard Time (ST) = 12.5 + 1.25 = 13.75 min
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